12 volt battery-powered devices are the optimal solution for very robust animals, long fences or fences with overgrowth when a 230 volt connection is not available. The discharge energy is comparable to mains devices (for wolf protection we also recommend at least 2 joules of pulse energy output). Rechargeable 12-volt batteries are used as the power source. Depending on the type of device, power requirements and battery type, they need to be recharged after approx. 2-4 weeks. There is a choice of inexpensive wet batteries, which have to be filled with appropriate acid after purchase, or AGM batteries of the latest generation with optimised performance. A good addition are solar modules, which convert solar energy into electricity and thus permanently recharge the 12 volt battery.