The voltage peak of the electrical impulse of an electric fence device is called the herding voltage. A high voltage is necessary to create a conductive "channel" between the fence wire and the animal body. For wolves we recommend min. 4,000 volts (min. 5,000 volts in dry ground conditions) voltage at each point of the fence. Now the current (impulse energy) can flow through this "channel".
The shock effect is therefore dependent on the amount of impulse energy - voltage itself does not hurt. For predator defence, we recommend 12 volt devices with at least 2 joules of impulse energy* (output, e.g.
AN 4000
,
AD 3000
or
SunPower S3000
) - ideally approx. 5 joules (e.g.
AN 6000
,
DUO X 6000
smart or
AD 5000
, for extreme conditions the
DUO Xi 8000
).
If a 230 volt unit can be used, even stronger models should be chosen (e.g.
N 5000
or even the
NDi 15000
).